|
Disease |
Epidemiology |
Clinical Findings |
Laboratory diagnosis |
|
Babesiosis (B. bovis
and B. bigemina) |
Enzootic areas, tick-borne. Severe outbrakes in marginal
enzootic areas |
Acute fever & anaemia, icterus later, abortion.
Haemoglobinuria |
Blood smear, regenerative anaemia, Macro- & histo-pathology |
|
Anaplasmosis (A. marginale) |
Young and mature cattle, common in summer, insect-borne
wide distribution |
No haemoglobinuria, Icterus common, fever. Severe
intra-hepatic bile stasis. |
Anaplasma marginale
organisms in red blood cells on blood smear. Intrahepatic bile stasis &
anaemic hepatosis with histopathology |
|
Leptospirosis (Several serovars) |
All ages, cattle on pasture. Abortions in mature cattle.
Neonatal deaths in calfs. |
Acute fever, anaemia, icterus,abortion. Interstitial
lymphocytic nephritis. |
Leptospira
organisms in the urine. Serology. Histopatology of kidney : Warthin-Starry
silver stain |
|
Bacillary haemoglobinuria
Cl. novyi Type D |
Sporadic. Endemic to particular farms. Clostridial spores
dormant in liver until stimulated to cause toxaemia & septicaemia |
Acute onset & death. Haemolytic anaemia, icterus &
haemoglobinuria.. Fever 41 °C. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. |
Haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria. Hepatic infarction.
FA test on impression smears. |
|
Chronic copper poisoning (Rare in cattle) |
Follows long term oral administration. Feeds containing
copper. Environmental contamination. Chicken litter |
Severe jaundice. No fever. Haemoglobinuria |
Toxic levels of copper in blood and liver. Histopathology
of liver & kidney |
|
Cold-water haemoglobinuria (post hydration) |
Consumption of large quantities of cold water after
limited intake. Sporadic |
Sudden onset within one hour after cold water ingestion.
No fever. Haemoglobinuria |
Acute haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinaemia &
haemoglobinurea |
|
Postparturient haemoglobinuria |
2 to 3 weeks post calving. Adult dairy cows in 3rd - 6th
lactation. Sporadic. Low copper or phosphorus diets |
Acute weekness, tremor, tachycardia, loud heart sounds.
No icterus. Haemo-globinuria |
Brown urine without any cells present. Severe acute
haemolytic anaemia. |
|
Onion poisoning (Allium
spp.) |
Wild or cultivated onions - n-propyl-disulphide damage
red cell enzymes & haemolysis follows |
Haemolytic anaemia. Icterus haemoglobinuria if large
amounts consumed (rare) |
Haemolytic anaemia. Heinz body anaemia. Hypo-, aniso-,&
poly-chromasia of red blood cells. |
|
Braccica spp.
Rape and kale
poisoning |
All ages of cattle on rape crops grown for fodder.
40-50kg / day of beeskool toxic over a time |
Acute haemolytic anaemia. No fever. Haemoglobinuria.
Icterus develop later. Giotrogenic |
Acute haemolytic anaemia. Heinz body anaemia. Icterus. |
|
Drug – induced |
Some drug preparations when given intravenously |
Mild haemoglobinuria. No haemolytic anaemia clinically |
Haemoglobinuria |
|
Blood transfusion reaction |
Using blood from same donor more than one week after
initial transfusion |
Sudden onset after blood transfusion, dyspnoea, shock,
trembling, |
Haemolysis and haemoglobinuria |
