Scrapie

Neocortex,hypothalamus, tel-,di- & mesencephalon, nuclei of medulla & pons

Vacuolisation of neuronal perikarya / grey matter neuropil

Prion protein

Sheep

Maldronksiekte

Cerebellum

Cytoplasmic vacuolisation, necrosis & loss of purkinje cells

Solanum kwebense poisoning

Cattle

Rabies

Grey matter

Rare cytoplasmic vacuolisation of neurones, perivascular cuffing & negri bodies (60% of cases)

Rhabdovirus

Any mammal

Lysosomal storage disease

Grey matter

Foamy cytoplasmic vacuolisa-tion in neurones (accumulated product unstained / extracted)

Inherited or poisoning (Ipomoea sp.)

Any ruminant (inherited) or in goats (poisoning)

Normal / No disease

Red & oculomotor nuclei

Cytoplasmic vacuolisation

Normal - unknown

Cattle

Normal / No disease

Medulla

Cytoplasmic vacuolisation

Normal - unknown

Sheep

Autolytic changes

Any

Neuronal vacuolisation & shrinkage

Autolysis

Any

B :VACUOLISATION OF THE WHITE MATTER ( STATUS SPONGIOSUS) IN THE BRAIN

DISEASE

SITE OF LESION

NEUROPATHOLOGY

CAUSE

SPECIES AFFECTED

Closantal / Rafoxinide poisoning

Periventricular white matter & retina

Spongiosus & retinopathy

Overdose of halogenated salicylanilide ant-helmintics

Sheep

Helicrysum poisoning

Periventricular white matter & retina

Spongiosus & retinopathy

Helicrysum aegyrosperum ingestion

Cattle,sheep & goats

Diplodiosis

White matter

Spongiosus

Ingested Diplodia maydis infected maize cobs

Lambs rarely adult sheep & cattle

Hepatic & renal encephalophathy

White matter

Bilateral symmetrical spongiosus

Increased ammonia levals in the blood

Any

Ammonia intoxication

White matter

Bilateral symmetrical spongiosus

Increased ammonia levals in the blood

Cattle

Hereditary neuraxial oedema

White matter

Leukoencephalopathy

Genetic : Polled Hereford

Cattle

Maple syrup urine

White matter

Leukoencephalopathy

Genetic : Polled & horned Hereford

Cattle

Non specific vacuolisation

Substantia nigra

Vacuolation of white matter

Unknown

Cattle from Scotland